Today only on the entire range
02:14:33
Library
Source library
A curated index of real, published studies on research peptides, with direct links to the primary source. For research purposes only.
Foundations & methods
- Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. I. The Synthesis of a Tetrapeptide
Introduction of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the foundation of modern peptide production.
DOI 10.1021/ja00897a025 ↗
AOD-9604
- Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone
This preclinical study characterised the lipolytic and antilipogenic properties of the synthetic growth hormone fragment AOD9604.
PMID 11146367 ↗ - The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism in obese mice and beta3-AR knock-out mice
This animal study investigated the effects of human GH and the fragment AOD9604 on lipid metabolism in obese mice and beta3-adrenoceptor knockout mice.
PMID 11713213 ↗ - Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604
This study investigated the detection and in-vitro metabolism of AOD9604 in the context of doping control.
PMID 25208511 ↗
BPC-157
- The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration
In-vitro research studied the effect of BPC 157 on the outgrowth, survival, and migration of tendon fibroblasts.
PMID 21030672 ↗ - Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat
Animal research in rats examined the course of ligament healing after administration of BPC 157 via different routes of administration.
PMID 20225319 ↗ - Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway
In-vitro research on isolated aorta studied the influence of BPC 157 on vascular tone and the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS signalling pathway.
PMID 33051481 ↗ - Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts
In-vitro research examined the expression of the growth hormone receptor in tendon fibroblasts after exposure to BPC 157.
PMID 25415472 ↗ - The anti-nociceptive effect of BPC-157 on the incisional pain model in rats
Animal research in rats studied BPC-157 in an incisional pain model.
PMID 35449779 ↗ - Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats
Animal research in rats studied BPC 157 in relation to the myotendinous junction after injury.
PMID 34829776 ↗
cjc-1295
- Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults
Study in healthy adults on the prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by the long-acting GHRH analogue CJC-1295.
PMID 16352683 ↗ - Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse
Animal study in GHRH knockout mice on once-daily administration of CJC-1295.
PMID 16822960 ↗ - Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects
Study in normal adult subjects on changes in the serum protein profile after activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295.
PMID 19386527 ↗ - Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation
Analytical-chemistry study on the identification of CJC-1295 in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation.
PMID 21204297 ↗
Epithalon (Epitalon)
- Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
In-vitro research on the effect of the peptide epithalon on telomerase activity and telomere length in human somatic cells.
PMID 12937682 ↗ - Epitalon influences pineal secretion in stress-exposed rats in the daytime
Animal study in rats on the influence of epitalon on the secretion of the pineal gland under stress conditions.
PMID 12500171 ↗ - Effect of pineal peptide on parameters of biological age and lifespan in mice
Animal study on the influence of a pineal gland peptide on parameters of biological age and lifespan in mice.
PMID 11227856 ↗ - Peptide geroprotector from the pituitary gland inhibits rapid aging of elderly people: results of 15-year follow-up
Long-term clinical observation in elderly patients who received the peptide preparation epithalamin alongside standard therapy.
PMID 22451889 ↗ - Effect of peptide preparation epithalamin on circadian rhythm of epiphyseal melatonin-producing function in elderly people
Clinical research on the effect of epithalamin on the circadian rhythm of melatonin production in the elderly.
PMID 15452611 ↗ - Effect of epithalamin on the rhythm of immune and endocrine systems functioning in patients with chronic coronary disease
Clinical research on the effect of epithalamin on rhythms of immune and endocrine function in patients with chronic coronary disease.
PMID 18214303 ↗
GHK-Cu
- The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures
In-vitro research in fibroblast cultures studied the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 under the influence of GHK-Cu.
PMID 11045606 ↗ - Stem cell recovering effect of copper-free GHK in skin
In-vitro research studied copper-free GHK in relation to skin stem cells.
PMID 23019153 ↗ - GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
Review article summarising the literature on GHK and cellular pathways associated with skin regeneration.
PMID 26236730 ↗ - The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling
Review article discussing research on the tripeptide GHK and tissue remodelling.
PMID 18644225 ↗ - The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health
Review article summarising the literature on GHK-Cu, oxidative stress, and aging processes.
PMID 22666519 ↗ - The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide
Review article discussing research on the peptide GHK in the context of aging.
PMID 35083444 ↗
Ipamorelin
- Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
Preclinical study in rats and pigs characterising ipamorelin as a selective growth hormone secretagogue.
PMID 9849822 ↗ - Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats
Animal study in rats on the effect of ipamorelin on longitudinal bone growth.
PMID 10373343 ↗ - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling study of ipamorelin in healthy volunteers.
PMID 10496658 ↗ - Efficacy of ipamorelin, a novel ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus
Animal study in a rodent model of ipamorelin as a ghrelin mimetic in postoperative ileus.
PMID 19289567 ↗ - A new series of highly potent growth hormone-releasing peptides derived from ipamorelin
Medicinal-chemistry study of a series of growth hormone-releasing peptides derived from ipamorelin.
PMID 9733495 ↗
KPV
- PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
Research in mouse models and intestinal cells studied the uptake of the tripeptide KPV via PepT1 in relation to intestinal inflammation.
PMID 18061177 ↗ - Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides
Animal research compared the inflammation-related effects of the C-terminal KPV fragment with those of other alpha-MSH peptides.
PMID 12750433 ↗ - Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides
In-vitro research tested the tripeptide KPV and related alpha-MSH peptides against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
PMID 10670585 ↗ - Alpha-melanocyte-related tripeptide Lys-d-Pro-Val ameliorates endotoxin-induced NF-kappaB translocation and activation in alveolar epithelium
In-vitro research in alveolar epithelium studied the KPV-related tripeptide Lys-D-Pro-Val and the NF-kappaB signalling pathway.
PMID 11256945 ↗ - alpha-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs
Review article summarising research on alpha-MSH-related peptides, including the C-terminal KPV fragment.
PMID 17934097 ↗
MOTS-c
- The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
Animal study in mice on the mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c and its role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism via the AMPK pathway.
PMID 25738459 ↗ - MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
Animal study investigating how MOTS-c is regulated by exercise and is associated with age-related changes in muscle function in mice.
PMID 33473109 ↗ - Mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c prevents the development of heart failure under pressure overload conditions in mice
Mouse-model research on the effect of MOTS-c on cardiac tissue under pressure-overload conditions.
PMID 36156853 ↗ - The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes homeostasis in aged human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
In-vitro research on MOTS-c in aged human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
PMID 33639272 ↗
nad+
- The efficacy and safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, dose-dependent clinical trial
Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study on the safety and NAD+-raising action of NMN supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults.
PMID 36482258 ↗ - Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study
Randomised, double-blind clinical study on NMN supplementation and aerobic capacity in amateur runners.
PMID 34238308 ↗ - Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults
Randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study on chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation and NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
PMID 29599478 ↗ - Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation for Treating Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Midlife and Older Adults
Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study on nicotinamide riboside in relation to systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.
PMID 35620522 ↗ - A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study on nicotinamide riboside in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
PMID 37994989 ↗
PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
- Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials
Two randomised phase 3 studies (RECONNECT) studied subcutaneous bremelanotide in premenopausal women as clinical research.
PMID 31599840 ↗ - Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide
This clinical subgroup analysis of the RECONNECT phase 3 data examined bremelanotide across different age, weight, and BMI subgroups.
PMID 35230162 ↗ - The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results
This clinical exit study surveyed, via questionnaires, the reported experiences with bremelanotide of participants from the RECONNECT studies.
PMID 33538638 ↗ - Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial
This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical dose-finding study compared multiple subcutaneous doses of bremelanotide in premenopausal women.
PMID 27181790 ↗ - Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program
This analysis pooled the reported safety data of bremelanotide from 43 clinical studies within the full development programme.
PMID 35147466 ↗ - Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide
This clinical study used 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to characterise the cardiovascular parameters under bremelanotide in premenopausal women.
PMID 27977473 ↗ - Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141 and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response
This clinical study investigated the combined administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141 and sildenafil in men with erectile dysfunction.
PMID 15833522 ↗ - Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141 in healthy males and patients with erectile dysfunction
This double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of intranasal PT-141 in healthy men and patients with erectile dysfunction.
PMID 14963471 ↗
Retatrutide
- Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial
This phase 2 study investigated the effect of the triple-receptor agonist retatrutide on body weight in adults with obesity.
PMID 37366315 ↗ - Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 2 trial
This phase 2 study investigated the efficacy of retatrutide on blood glucose and weight in people with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 37385280 ↗ - LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b trial
This phase 1b study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and initial effects of retatrutide (LY3437943) in people with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 36354040 ↗ - Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial
This phase 2a study investigated the effect of retatrutide on liver fat in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
PMID 38858523 ↗
Semaglutide
- Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides
Review article on the discovery and development of GLP-1-related peptides.
PMID 29202475 ↗ - Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
This phase 3 study (STEP 1) investigated the effect of weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
PMID 33567185 ↗ - Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2)
This phase 3 study (STEP 2) investigated the effect of weekly semaglutide on weight in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.
PMID 33667417 ↗ - Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial
This phase 3 study (STEP 4) investigated whether continued weekly semaglutide versus placebo affected the maintenance of weight loss.
PMID 33755728 ↗ - Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
This study (SUSTAIN-6) investigated the cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes at elevated cardiovascular risk.
PMID 27633186 ↗ - Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
This study (PIONEER 6) investigated the cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 31185157 ↗ - Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes
This study (SELECT) investigated cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide in people with obesity and established cardiovascular disease without diabetes.
PMID 37952131 ↗
Sermorelin
- Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
Review article on the use of sermorelin in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.
PMID 18031173 ↗ - Effects of single nightly injections of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29) in healthy elderly men
Study in healthy elderly men on nightly subcutaneous injections of GHRH(1-29)/sermorelin.
PMID 9005976 ↗ - A comparative study of growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 for stimulation of growth in children with GH deficiency
Comparative study of growth hormone and GHRH(1-29)-NH2 (sermorelin) for growth stimulation in children with growth hormone deficiency.
PMID 8329830 ↗ - Growth response to growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 compared with growth hormone
Study comparing the growth response to GHRH(1-29)-NH2 (sermorelin) with that to growth hormone.
PMID 8329826 ↗ - Low-dose growth hormone-releasing hormone tests: a dose-response study
Dose-response study in adults on low doses of GHRH(1-29)-NH2 (sermorelin) as a provocation test.
PMID 7921207 ↗
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
- Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
Randomised dose-escalation study of elamipretide (SS-31) in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy.
PMID 29500292 ↗ - A randomized crossover trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
Randomised crossover study of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy.
PMID 32096613 ↗ - Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Randomised phase 3 clinical study (MMPOWER-3) on elamipretide in individuals with primary mitochondrial myopathy.
PMID 37268435 ↗ - Long-term efficacy and safety of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label extension results of TAZPOWER
Open-label follow-up study (TAZPOWER) on elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome.
PMID 38602181 ↗ - Improving mitochondrial function with SS-31 reverses age-related redox stress and improves exercise tolerance in aged mice
Animal study in aged mice on SS-31 and mitochondrial redox processes and exercise tolerance.
PMID 30597195 ↗
TB-500
- Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing
Animal research studied thymosin beta-4 (of which TB-500 is a synthetic fragment) in a wound-healing model in rats.
PMID 10469335 ↗ - The actin binding site on thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis
In-vitro research examined the role of the actin-binding site of thymosin beta-4 in relation to angiogenesis.
PMID 14500546 ↗ - Thymosin beta4 promotes matrix metalloproteinase expression during wound repair
Research in mouse wounds and cell culture studied the expression of matrix metalloproteinases under the influence of thymosin beta-4.
PMID 16607611 ↗ - Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair
Animal research studied thymosin beta-4, the integrin-linked kinase pathway, and cardiac cell migration and survival.
PMID 15565145 ↗ - Thymosin beta4 is cardioprotective after myocardial infarction
Animal research examined the effects of thymosin beta-4 in a model of myocardial infarction.
PMID 17600280 ↗ - Thymosin beta-4 is essential for coronary vessel development and promotes neovascularization via adult epicardium
Animal research studied the role of thymosin beta-4 in the development of coronary vessels and neovascularisation via the epicardium.
PMID 17495252 ↗
Tesamorelin
- Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV
Randomised placebo-controlled study in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation that investigated the effects of tesamorelin on visceral adipose tissue.
PMID 18057338 ↗ - Effects of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with a safety extension
Randomised placebo-controlled study with a safety extension on tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation.
PMID 20101189 ↗ - Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial
Randomised clinical study that investigated the effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV patients.
PMID 25038357 ↗ - Visceral fat reduction with tesamorelin is associated with improved liver enzymes in HIV
Analysis within randomised research on the association between visceral-fat reduction by tesamorelin and liver enzyme values in HIV patients.
PMID 28832410 ↗ - Effects of tesamorelin on inflammatory markers in HIV patients with excess abdominal fat: relationship with visceral adipose reduction
Substudy of randomised research on the relationship between tesamorelin, visceral-fat reduction, and inflammatory markers in HIV patients.
PMID 21516030 ↗ - Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in obese subjects with reduced growth hormone secretion: a randomized controlled trial
Randomised controlled study of tesamorelin in obese subjects with reduced growth hormone secretion.
PMID 23015655 ↗ - Safety and metabolic effects of tesamorelin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Randomised placebo-controlled study on the safety and metabolic effects of tesamorelin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 28617838 ↗
Thymosin Alpha-1
- Efficacy of thymosin alpha1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, controlled trial
This randomised, controlled clinical study studied thymosin alpha 1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
PMID 9581695 ↗ - A randomized controlled trial of thymosin-alpha1 versus interferon alfa treatment in patients with HBeAg- and HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis B
This randomised, controlled clinical study compared thymosin alpha 1 with interferon-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
PMID 8855175 ↗ - A randomized controlled clinical trial on the treatment of Thymosin a1 versus interferon-alpha in patients with hepatitis B
This randomised, controlled clinical study compared thymosin alpha 1 with interferon-alpha in patients with hepatitis B.
PMID 11819801 ↗ - The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial
This randomised clinical study compared two doses of thymosin alpha 1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B.
PMID 15850471 ↗ - Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
This review article discusses the clinical research on thymalfasin (thymosin alpha 1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
PMID 15546254 ↗ - The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial
This multicentre, randomised, and controlled clinical study studied thymosin alpha 1 in patients with severe sepsis.
PMID 23327199 ↗ - The efficacy and safety of thymosin a1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial
This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study evaluated thymosin alpha 1 in adults with sepsis.
PMID 39814420 ↗ - Thymosin Alpha 1 Reduces the Mortality of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Restoration of Lymphocytopenia and Reversion of Exhausted T Cells
This retrospective clinical study described T-cell parameters and outcomes under thymosin alpha 1 in patients with severe COVID-19.
PMID 32442287 ↗
Tirzepatide
- Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1)
This phase 3 study (SURPASS-1) investigated the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 34186022 ↗ - Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
This phase 3 study (SURPASS-2) compared weekly tirzepatide with semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PMID 34170647 ↗ - Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
This phase 3 study (SURMOUNT-1) investigated the effect of weekly tirzepatide on body weight in adults with obesity without diabetes.
PMID 35658024 ↗ - Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2)
This phase 3 study (SURMOUNT-2) investigated the effect of weekly tirzepatide on weight in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
PMID 37385275 ↗
For laboratory and research use only. Not for human or animal consumption, diagnostics or therapeutic use.