Glossary mini-poster
Top-30 terms used in peptide research literature. For the full glossary visit /glossary.html.
- Half-life
- — time for plasma concentration to fall by 50%.
- GHRH
- — hypothalamic peptide that stimulates pituitary GH release.
- GHRP
- — growth-hormone-releasing peptide; ghrelin-receptor agonist class.
- GLP-1
- — incretin hormone; agonists studied for glycaemic / weight outcomes.
- GIP
- — incretin co-targeted with GLP-1 in dual agonists.
- IGF-1
- — primary mediator of GH effects on tissue.
- mTOR
- — central kinase regulating protein synthesis and autophagy.
- AMPK
- — energy sensor activated when cellular ATP is low.
- Sirtuin
- — family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases (SIRT1–7).
- NAD+
- — coenzyme central to redox biology and sirtuin activity.
- Lyophilized
- — freeze-dried; standard form for peptide storage.
- Reconstitution
- — adding bacteriostatic water to dissolve a lyo vial.
- BAC water
- — bacteriostatic water; 0.9% benzyl alcohol preservative.
- HPLC
- — high-performance liquid chromatography purity assay.
- NMR
- — spectroscopic identity test for peptide structure.
- COA
- — certificate of analysis; per-batch identity / purity report.
- CAS
- — Chemical Abstracts Service registry number.
- Subcutaneous (SC)
- — injection into the fatty layer beneath the skin.
- Intramuscular (IM)
- — injection into muscle tissue, deeper than SC.
- Intranasal (IN)
- — mucosal route; common for short peptides.
- Pharmacokinetics
- — how the body processes a substance (ADME).
- Pharmacodynamics
- — the biological effect a substance produces.
- Bioavailability
- — fraction of dose reaching systemic circulation unchanged.
- Agonist
- — binds a receptor and triggers its biological response.
- Antagonist
- — binds a receptor and blocks its normal response.
- Receptor
- — protein that binds a ligand to trigger a cellular response.
- Ligand
- — molecule that binds a receptor with specificity.
- Endogenous
- — originating from within the organism.
- Exogenous
- — originating from outside the organism (administered).
- Research-use only
- — sold for laboratory / in-vitro research; not for administration.